Abstract

Environmental pollution is rapidly increasing due to population growth, industrialization, urbanization, etc. Anthropogenic activities have increased pollution in all sections of the environment (i.e., soil, air, water, and wastewater). There is great importance attached to resolving this complicated situation, which could effectively reduce the negative impacts of anthropogenic activities on the environment. Nanotechnology, especially functionalized nanoparticles (FNPs), is emerging as an effective solution to environmental pollution at the global scale. The extraordinary chemical and physical properties of materials at the nanometer scale enable new and innovative applications in the environmental sector. Although manufactured metal-based NPs are being produced, concern about their toxicity is increasing. To resolve the toxicity of NPs, functionalization of the materials appears to be a possible solution. The functionalization of NPs, as well as the metal core, can be varied according to the problem being targeted. This chapter discusses detailed information about the fabrication methods of FNPs used for environmental purification, especially wastewater treatment. Their scope in the environment, which includes cleaning up existing pollution, is also discussed. A critical evaluation of the challenges and future needs for a safe environment are also explored. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.