Repository of Research and Investigative Information

Repository of Research and Investigative Information

Ilam University of Medical Sciences

Infections, inflammation, and risk of neuropsychiatric disorders: the neglected role of "co-infection"

Fri Mar 29 16:55:17 2024

(2020) Infections, inflammation, and risk of neuropsychiatric disorders: the neglected role of "co-infection". Heliyon. e05645. ISSN 2405-8440 (Print) 2405-8440 (Linking)

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Official URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33319101

Abstract

Neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) have multiple etiological factors, mainly genetic background, environmental conditions and immunological factors. The host immune responses play a pivotal role in various physiological and pathophysiological process. In NPDs, inflammatory immune responses have shown to be involved in diseases severity and treatment outcome. Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are involved in various neurobiological pathways, such as GABAergic signaling and neurotransmitter synthesis. Infectious agents are among the major amplifier of inflammatory reactions, hence, have an indirect role in the pathogenesis of NPDs. As such, some infections directly affect the central nervous system (CNS) and alter the genes that involved in neurobiological pathways and NPDs. Interestingly, the most of infectious agents that involved in NPDs (e.g., Toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus) is latent (asymptomatic) and co-or-multiple infection of them are common. Nonetheless, the role of co-or-multiple infection in the pathogenesis of NPDs has not deeply investigated. Evidences indicate that co-or-multiple infection synergically augment the level of inflammatory reactions and have more severe outcomes than single infection. Hence, it is plausible that co-or-multiple infections can increase the risk and/or pathogenesis of NPDs. Further understanding about the role of co-or-multiple infections can offer new insights about the etiology, treatment and prevention of NPDs. Likewise, therapy based on anti-infective and anti-inflammatory agents could be a promising therapeutic option as an adjuvant for treatment of NPDs.

Item Type: Article
Creators:
CreatorsEmail
Abdoli, A.UNSPECIFIED
Taghipour, A.UNSPECIFIED
Pirestani, M.UNSPECIFIED
Mofazzal Jahromi, M. A.UNSPECIFIED
Roustazadeh, A.UNSPECIFIED
Mir, H.UNSPECIFIED
Ardakani, H. M.UNSPECIFIED
Kenarkoohi, A.UNSPECIFIED
Falahi, S.UNSPECIFIED
Karimi, M.UNSPECIFIED
Keywords: Co-infection Immunology Infection Infectious disease Inflammation Microbiology Neuropsychiatric disorders Psychiatry
Divisions:
Page Range: e05645
Journal or Publication Title: Heliyon
Journal Index: Pubmed
Volume: 6
Number: 12
Identification Number: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05645
ISSN: 2405-8440 (Print) 2405-8440 (Linking)
Depositing User: مهندس مهدی شریفی
URI: http://eprints.medilam.ac.ir/id/eprint/3232

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